Macbeth by William Shakespeare: A Transformation Essay

Macbeth, a dark and dramatized play, is very well-known. It was written by William Shakespeare between 1603 and 1607. Macbeth was a much respected person but his wife, Lady Macbeth, started to persuade him into things and he became an evil man. Macbeth was not mentally strong to handle all the pulling my Lady Macbeth. In the beginning of the play Macbeth is a respected general and a loyal subject of the king. A group of three withes tells him that he can be crowned king if something happened to King Duncan. But Macbeth makes the state: â€Å"If chance will have me king, why, chance may crown me.† (1.3.56-57) That statement makes it clear that Macbeth does not have any thought in doing anything evil to be able to achieve being king. He does say â€Å"I dare do all that may become a man; Who dares do more is none.† (1.7.34-36.) this lets others know that Macbeth that he will do what it takes to become a man. When Macbeth tells Lady Macbeth what is going on she suffers none of his uncertainties. She tells him that he needs to murder Duncan so he can obtain the kingdom. He was unsure of himself but with the pushing of his wife, he got persuaded to kill the king. King Duncan was planning on coming to the Macbeths castle to dine, so Lady Macbeth and Macbeth put together a plan. Their plan was to get the two chamberlains drunk so they would black out and the next morning they could blame the murder on them as they will remember nothing. When Macbeth going to kill Macbeth he says this famous quote before grabbing the dagger, â€Å"Is this a dagger which I see before me, The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee; I have thee not, and yet I see thee still. Art thou not, fatal vision, sensible To feeling as to sight? or art thou but A dagger of the mind, a false creation, Proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain? I see thee yet, in form as palpable As this which now I draw.† (2.1.45-51) This quote shows that he is committed to kill Duncan and that he is seeing things and cannot tell reality from fantasy. Macbeth starts to worry about what he has down and barely sleep the night. Macbeth lets Lady Macbeth know when he says, â€Å"Glamis hath murdered sleep, and therefore Cawdor shall sleep no more. Macbeth shall sleep no more. (2.2.38-40) Fearing the witches’ prophecy that Banquo’s heirs will get the throne, Macbeth gets a group together to kill Banquo and his son Fleance. Come, seeling night, Scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day; And with thy bloody and invisible hand Cancel and tear to pieces that great bond Which keeps me pale! Light thickens; and the crow Makes wing to the rooky wood: Good things of day begin to droop and drowse; While night’s black agents to their preys do rouse (3.2.32-39) This quote is Macbeth’s wish for the coming up night. They ambush Banquo and fail to kill Fleance. Macbeth starts getting paranoid and at the feast that night he sees Banquo’s ghost. Macbeth starts talking to the ghost, Then comes my fit again: I had else been perfect, Whole as the marble, founded as the rock, As broad and general as the casing air: But now I am cabin’d, cribb’d, confined, bound in To saucy doubts and fears.—But Banquo’s safe (3.4.22-27) Macbeth just found out that Fleance had not been killed. After this Macbeth was mentally done. He started going downhill. When got news that Lady Macbeth had killed herself it made him sink into a deep depart. Macbeth starts to fight until Macduff kills and beheads him. Malcolm, is now the King of Scotland. Macbeth has changed a lot over the course of this play. He was once a very loving and respected man but as you can see when you are not in the correct state of mind you can be talked into anything. Lady Macbeth did nothing but push him to his breaking point and when she killed herself if did nothing but hurt her husband. This all started because lady Macbeth wanted all the power over Scotland.

Merck company

At present, the company is organized into three divisions: 1) pharmaceuticals focusing on innovative prescription drugs; 2) pharmaceuticals centred on generic prescription drugs; and 3) consumer health comprised of different activities such as health and medical nutrition including genetic engineering and the development of products. 2) The pharmaceutical industry is characterized by stiff competition. The international competitors of Merck are international, research-based pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that also sell branded, patent-protected, prescription medicines. However, because Merck is ahead in research and development, specifically in technologies, these create leverages for the company to be at the top. Technologies help the company ease working loads; make them faster and more accurate. 3) Research is advancing at a rapid pace. The application of research provides the opportunity to improve productivity, quality, and cost control in education and research, security of health-related information, and reimbursement through new product development at Merck. While these advances in research promise huge benefits such as higher quality medicine, enhanced workflow and increased efficiency, there is also the potential for precious resources to be squandered and the added pressure of patient welfare at stake. While Merck’s research systems were intended to steam line financial management and automate manual processes, Pharmaceutical Industries now require much greater functionality. The modern Pharmaceutical Industries is expected to link administrative, laboratory, financial and clinical data to provide faster diagnosis and better treatment. The application of research at Merck would highlight the potential benefits of new product development in increasing access, improving quality, and reducing costs. While there is consensus that result will result in substantial cost savings, new product development can quantify the magnitude of the savings of Merck in a way that is scaleable to nationwide implementation. 4)  With the mission statement of Merck, the company aims to provide high margin generic drugs. This objective resonate their mission of lowering or controlling the costs that they would pass onto their consumers. In order for Merck to achieve their objective, they must be able to find ways of lowering their production costs so that they will be able to lower the cost that they will pass onto their consumers. One of the policies that they implemented to see this through is by focusing on research to develop and maintain technologies. For example, Merck invested in information technology. This allowed them to create a web-based system that improved the company’s management of inventories and orders by enhancing their speed and accuracy. By lessening the margins for errors, Merck will also be able to lessen their production cost. 5)  The website of Merck is able to adhere to the basic rules so as to ensure that the website created will be accessible.   The patients and caregivers website of Merck is easy to read, easy to navigate and easy to find.   In addition, the layout and design of the web is consistent throughout the site, plus the website and the needed information regarding the medicines is quick to be downloaded. This absolutely contributes to understanding Merck’s product line. REFERENCES Corporate Responsibility: Committed to make a Difference. Retrieved May 23, 2007 from http://www.merck.com Patients & Caregivers: Comprehensive medical resources to keep you educated and informed. Retrieved May 23, 2007 from http://www.merck.com/product/patients_caregivers.html       Merck Company IntroductionThe healthcare industry is composed of many different players who have the same goal which is to ensure the well-being of people, particularly with regards to their health.   One such player in this industry is pharmaceutical companies.   This paper will be analyzing the products of Merck Pharmaceutical Company concentrating on the importance of research in the development of their products.   It will also be presenting the company’s mission statement and how consistent the company is in relation to its mission statement.   Furthermore, it will analyze on whether the company’s patient and care-givers site is helpful to the company’s target audience or otherwise.Overview of Merck CompanyIn order to analyze Merck Pharmaceutical Company comprehensively, an overview about the company and its mission statement must first be established.Merck & Co. Inc. was established in 1891 with the concern on prioritizing the needs of patient that have been othe rwise not met during this period.   The company primarily produces vaccines and medicines as well as delivering these to those who need them the most (â€Å"About Merck† 2008).Merck & Co. Inc. is also a global research pharmaceutical company.   Its mission is â€Å"to provide society with superior products and services by developing innovations and solutions that improve the quality of life and satisfy customer needs, and to provide employees with meaningful work and advancement opportunities, and investors with a superior rate of return† (â€Å"Mission Statement† 2008).   The company is committed to the preservation and improvement of human life by maintaining high standards in its ethics, particularly in research in order to attain their mission (â€Å"Mission Statement† 2008).Products of Merck CompanyBecause of their continuous research, the company has been able to release new products for the betterment of today’s society.   The most r ecent product of the company that was licensed and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States was Gardasil, a cervical cancer vaccination.   The company announced the release of the vaccine on March 19, 2008 (â€Å"Product News† 2008).Gardasil is a vaccine that was developed in order to prevent the development of cervical cancer, dysplastic lesions and genital warts among females from age nine to twenty-six.   Based on their research, they had discovered that these diseases were caused by HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 (â€Å"Product News† 2008).Importance of Research to MerckResearch is extremely vital to the progress of Merck as a pharmaceutical company.   Through their constant and meticulous research, the company is able to create medicines that have become important in today’s society.   The company’s research resources include the acquisition of the most advance tools in the market, chemistry, genomics and computeriz ed molecular modeling.   These resources allow the company to remain at the forefront of discovery in their industry (â€Å"Our Research† 2008).Because of the technology advancement and their meticulousness in hiring employees in their research and product development department, the company is able to create products that are able to satisfy the needs of their customers.   At the same time, the availability of the most up-to-date technology allows the company’s researchers to work in an environment for them to create meaningful and advancement opportunities. As a result, they are able to improve and preserve human life in today’s society as well as meeting the company’s mission statement and values (â€Å"Mission Statement† 2008).Patient and Caregivers’ SiteSince the company produces vaccines and medicines, there is always the possibility that it may be inappropriately administered which would cause adverse side effects to the patient w hich would not just aggravate the medical condition of the patient, but may also cause the caregiver to lose his or her license to practice.In order to prevent this, the company had provided a patient and caregivers’ site in order to properly educate the consumers of the company’s products on side effects, dosage, manner of administration and situations when the product could not be used.   The website is extremely helpful for both patients and caregivers.   The main page presents the names of the products so that the patient or the caregiver is able to locate more information about the medicine or vaccine.The page that discusses the medicine or vaccine is presented in two forms: one is written in a simple and straight-to-the-point manner so that the average individual without any background in medicine would be able to understand information about the product comprehensively.   It is also presented in a more technical and scientific way which can be comprehended only by someone who has a background in medicine such as a caregiver (â€Å"Patient & Caregiver U.S. Product Web sites† 2008).ConclusionFor a company such as Merck & Co. Inc., research is extremely vital in its operations since it is only through research that the company would be able to create products in order to meet their mission which is to provide superior vaccines and medicines in order to improve the quality of human life.   One such example of this is the release of Gardasil, a vaccine developed to prevent cervical cancer and other diseases among females from occurring.   For patients and caregivers who would need information with regards to their products, the company provided a website where information about a particular vaccine or medicine would be understood by both patients and caregivers.ReferencesMerck & Co., Inc. (2008). About Merck. Retrieved on 08 April 2008, fromhttp://www.merck.com/about/.Merck & Co., Inc. (2008). Mission statement. Retrieved on 08 April 2008, fromhttp://www.merck.com/about/mission.html.

Effective Advertisement English Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Effective Advertisement English Paper - Essay Example However, not every good or service is able to reach its target audience and after all be sold out. Nowadays it is not enough just to get a right idea and implement it in production process. For making your plan work there has to be a promotion, main principles of which will manage to bring your product to customer’s awareness, position it on the market and stimulate sales. Only with a help of precisely elaborated market strategy new product is able to achieve its consumers. Carefully planned advertising campaign may ensure more than fifty percent of success. Otherwise, even a first-class product with high quality and low price can be left unnoticeable by customers. That is why today companies try to advertise their goods and services as frequently and intensively as possible, influencing people’s awareness and behavior. It is fair to mention that advertising has great power, because a lot of things depend on it. Sometimes it happens that according to bad ad, product may be left unaccepted by customers. That is why it is very essential to take into careful consideration every word of slogan, every possible image, color, font, sound or character during advertising campaign. As experience shows, not all advertisements are equally effective and successful. Sometimes producing and advertising the same goods, companies achieve different outcomes. This occurs because various companies choose various marketing strategies. Some of them manage to create the right ad, which is appropriate for customers and able to attract their attention, some do not. Creation of ads requires deep analysis of advertising product and its potential consumers. Sometimes the wrong color of written slogan may make ad unprintable and unattractive, pushing the whole idea to the failure. In this respect, it is urgent to take into account all details of ad’s design, implementing main principles of marketing. For having a clear presentation about different types of ads and also for understanding how exactly flaws of advertising can spoil attitude to the product, several ads of different companies have been chosen for further research. All companies are famous retailers of furniture. The potential audience is multi-faced, mostly family people and businessmen, who can be interested in the furniture for home and office. Advertising analysis Despite advertising’s positive return, many sociologists continue to criticize it, stating that advertisements compel consumers to buy products that they do not need. In the reality advertising is everywhere and it is quit hard to avoid it. We can see it in magazines, newspapers, brochures, booklets, billboards, placards, posters. It is broadcasted on different TV channels and radio waves. It is fair to admit that advertising is so popular due to its effectiveness. Belch stated that good ad requires serious elaboration due to significant financial losses, hence â€Å"the cost of producing a TV commercial can excee d $1 million† (237). Medium expenditure of USA for advertising in newspapers equals to 20 billions of dollars and in magazines 11.7 billions of dollars. That sources of advertising yield only broadcasting television, according to the research of Percy (87). There are several purposes of advertising. First of all, with its help companies make consumers be aware of the new products or possible novelties in design or functions of the

Consumer behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Consumer behaviour - Essay Example The essay below discusses the role of marketing in enhancing consumer motivation through application of consumer behaviour models. Marketing links the societal product requirements to the economic responsive strategies. Marketing can be viewed as an organisational function that creates, delivers and communicates value to consumers while managing customer relationships in strategies that are beneficial to the organisation. Most marketing strategies are geared towards understanding the consumer behaviour and providing superior customer value. Consumer behaviour is defined as the buying culture of consumers. Consumer behaviour is affected both intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as perception, the self, motivation, learning and memory, attitudes, group influence and culture. According to Solomon et al (2006: 6), consumer behaviour involves focus on the processes involved when individuals choose, buy, use and dispose products, or services to satisfy their needs or desires. Marketing is a chain of various market components that are interconnected. The components supplements and overlap with each other. Effective marketing entails taking into account the consumer opinion and behaviour that enables manufacturing of goods that suits their needs. Marketers should be able to discern what prompts a consumer to act and what stops them from purchasing products. The aim of studying consumer behaviour is to understand the buyer and make a customer out of them. The study focuses on the processes used to choose, secure, apply and dispose products, experiences, services and ideas in a bid to satisfy consumer needs. The problem remains pertinent even with the modern efforts geared towards improving the motivating aspect of marketing strategies. The buyer is a highly complex entity in the discussions involving consumer behaviour and motivation; their needs are innumerable. Some of the needs are latent, manifest or highly dominant. The marketer should understand that consumers hav e their own ideas on the mechanisms applied in realising needs and desires. Understanding the need-structure and priorities of the buyer will require the marketer to develop a market relationship with the consumer. Consumer behaviour is applied in the formulation of the marketing strategy, public regulations and social marketing. Focus on consumer behaviour leads to the establishment of improved marketing strategies aimed at improving the worth of marketing campaigns and attracting new consumers (Biernat and Sesko, 2012: 138-143). Marketing managers should take into account the psychological aspects of the consumers in identifying the most perfect time for conducting marketing operations in relation to their perceptions on time. Few consumers accept products when newly introduced in the market but they later embrace their use as they penetrate deeper into the markets. This implies that organisations should be well financed to ensure that their products stay afloat when newly introdu ced in the markets. Focus on few numbers of consumers enables them to understand consumer behaviour which they can harness in influencing high numbers of consumers. Marketing strategies such as social marketing does not only aim at promoting products but also enables the companies become acquainted with consumer behavioural peculiarities and apply them in production. Motivation compels individuals to action. It can be defined as the stimulation of any desire or emotion that occurs in response to a consumer’

SECURITY AND STABILITY IN THE GULF, 1979-2003 Essay

SECURITY AND STABILITY IN THE GULF, 1979-2003 - Essay Example The may come into an agreement with a certain nation to help fight violence among others. For example, in 1990s, United State government, intervened on a number of occasions for humanitarian reasons; sending troops to the Balkans, northern Iraq, and Somalia to succor refugees, feed the hungry, and otherwise alleviate suffering There are many reasons why countries come together to form multinational coalitions, whether it is meant to be on short term, long term, or upcoming dealings, restoring peace and order is basically the main reason. A long term coalition involves formation of an alliance that is not affected by future changes such as leadership takeover and will always exist as long as cases of uncertainty situations arise. For a multinational coalition to be effective there has to be a certain command chain that is clear to both parties. This is important especially in situations where the nations have to involve the army in their efforts of achieving desired peace and order. Decision making should be done by certain known individuals in order for the forces to move in one specific direction (Kahn 430). It might be objected that the betterment of humanity is not the only reason for alliance formation. Some countries may have hidden agendas in their alliances such as extracting of minerals from the d eveloping countries or attacking a certain specific nation. However, it is only few nations which can form alliances for such selfish reasons. Another factor that can stimulate the multinational coalition to achieve its desired aims is by equitable sharing of responsibilities. Responsibilities may include war resources such as tankers and jets, the required human power and technology. In addition, responsibilities may vary depending with the coalition size. A big coalition makes it considerably difficult to manage and maintain clear effective strategies as compared to smaller coalition. The rules

International Trade and Technology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Trade and Technology - Assignment Example It can be seen that countries that have the resources and capacity end up benefitting from the ideas originating from the other nations that have weaker intellectual property protection (Roos, 2008). However, such countries also stand better chances for development since their ideas can be improved to come up with valuable products. Countries need weak intellectual property protection when they are still in the developing stages and they do not have the resources to turn their ideas into valuable product. This will help these countries to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) that can boost their economies (Haydam, 2001). On the other hand, countries that have vibrant economies need stronger intellectual property protection in order to protect their interests. 2. The World Trade Organization (WTO) in partnership with the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) are specifically concerned with setting parameters for and directing the economic policies of governments around t he world (Haydam, 2001). In other words, WTO is responsible for facilitating trade among different nations and making sure that fair trade practices are upheld. However, the main issue with WTO is that it determines the amount of debt a country can get from international monetary organizations like IMF and World Bank. Developed countries enjoy an unfavourable advantage compared to developing countries which entails that they have an upper hand in various trade deals. The key element of The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is mainly related to protection of property rights. The technical barriers to the agreement involve the fact that less developed countries are often found at the receiving end since they may lack the technology and equipment to transform ideas into meaningful products that can be traded in order to boost their own local economies. As a result of the fact that developing nations may not have sufficient equipment to develop v arious products, they end up giving in to countries that have the resources which may not bring the anticipated results. 3. In most cases, the host country benefits from the international migration of scientists and technologists from poorer countries to wealthier countries. These people would boost growth and development in the host countries where they will get the opportunity to get jobs that suit their qualifications and skills. Warhurst (2008) suggest that migrant workers especially in developed countries positively contribute to their economic development. However, the main problem is that migrant workers are poorly remunerated since the host countries would also be intending to take advantage of them. Apart from failing to get salaries that are not commensurate with their skills and qualifications, the migrant workers will significantly contribute to the development of the host countries. Their knowledge and skills would be used to develop other countries while their own coun tries continue to lag behind in terms of development. Therefore, it can be seen that the host countries, developed nations in particular are the winners in as far as the aspect of skilled migrant workers is concerned. The original countries where these people come from are losers as a result of skills flight. The people who are supposed to carry out research and development project in the country

Nursing Education Around the Globe Research Paper

Nursing Education Around the Globe - Research Paper Example ya The major comparison in the government influence of the nursing education between China and Kenya is that; both countries’ initiative to establish nursing training and certification were started by the respective governments, with the Kenyan training and certification program running for 31/2 years, while the Chinese program took 4 years (Xu, Xu & Zhang, 2000). Political control has also characterized the nursing profession and development in both Kenya and China, where the respective governments, through the ministries of health, have been responsible for approving the nursing courses and certification programs in the countries (Klopper & Uys, 2003). The governments have been involved in establishing regulations and laws that governs and controls the nursing profession. Several laws and ordinances have been established by the two governments, to act as the tools through which the nursing profession is politically controlled. In Kenya, the 1946 June Ordinance No. 16 was est ablished to control the health activities of the nurses (Mule, 1986). Similarly, the political control of nursing profession in China can be traced back to 1949, when the education reform in China abolished the post-secondary nursing training, instead introducing the 3-year nursing training, following the 9 years of primary and secondary education (Xu, Xu & Zhang, 2000). Both countries have established Nursing organizations, responsible for uniting, developing, and promoting nursing professionalism, with the Nursing Council of Kenya (NCK) being the peak body of the nursing profession in the country, while the Chinese Nursing Association (CAN), is similarly the peak nursing organization in China (Xu, Xu & Zhang, 2000). Both the organizations are responsible for establishing the nursing syllabus... This paper approves that the Current System of Nursing Education in both China and Kenya occur in various cadres. Both China and Kenya have certification programs for ursing, in form of 3-years comprehensive training, which caters for the preliminary training, ward rotation and theory in clinical training. The comparison in both countries is that; the qualification for nursing certification program is the completion of secondary education. The characteristic of the current systems of nursing education in both countries is that; both countries have established post-basic nursing qualifications, which include diplomas, bachelor of nursing degree, and masters in nursing. The comparison is that the doctorate program in nursing is yet to be fully commissioned in both countries, following the governments’ regulations that have not yet approved the doctorate in nursing. All the post-basic nursing qualifications programs are undertaken in hospital-based training institutions, where the trainees in this profession are full-time based course attendants. this essay makes a conclusion that Nursing Education in both China and Kenya bears universal fundamental characteristics, in terms of government and Nursing organizations control, training and growth, notwithstanding that the nursing profession in both countries is a function of the western missionary arrival into the countries. Additionally, the high standards of qualifications are also eminent requirements in this profession for both countries, while the training period for the nurses and the areas of training are similar.

Compare philosophical Daoist notions of nature with the emerging Essay

Compare philosophical Daoist notions of nature with the emerging discourses in the West of Spiritual Ecology - Essay Example A spiritual ecologist believes that since spirituality dominates a significant part of human life, it can be manipulated to change and, in cases, to alter man’s perspective towards nature and the universe in order for a better inhabitable environmental status. In this regard, discourses on ‘spiritual ecology’ pivots on man’s religiosity and its connection with environment and ecology. On the contrary, religiosity and nature stand on the two opposite ends of the same continuum. Daoism is more of a philosophy, than religion, which includes spirituality that is indispensably connected with human being’s harmonious position amid the sacred order of the universe. Discourses on ‘Spiritual ecology’, in the first place, put emphasis on the idea that â€Å"The major problems in the world are the result of the difference between the way nature works and the way man thinks.† ... Before heaven and earth it existed. Without sound, without substance, it stands alone and unchanging. It is all-pervading and unfailing. We do not know its name, but we call it Dao† (Lao Tzu, quoted in â€Å"On Truth and Reality†). According to Daoism, man is an integral part of how the immense unity of this universe functions. Therefore, man’s happiness and salvation lie in his or her knowledge about the Dao, in other words, about how the immense entity of the universe functions. Obviously, Daoism also puts emphasis on the fact that man should lead his or her life in harmony with Dao. Daoism includes man and nature, spirituality and devotion to nature on the same continuum. Man Position in Nature according to Daoism and Spiritual Ecology Uniting with Dao through Nature is considered to be the ultimate goal of human life in Daoism. As to the goal of human life, Lao Tzu, one of the central figures of Daoism, notes, â€Å"Being one with nature, the sage is in accor d with the Dao† (Lao Tzu, â€Å"On Truth and Reality†). The concept of Dao in Daoism is more philosophical than doctrinal. Since Daoism asserts that man needs to know about his or her role in the greater way how the universe or nature functions, he or she is assigned with any dominion over the nature; rather man is entrusted with a responsibility to grow a harmonious relationship with natural orders and functions. Referring to this environment-friendly aspect of Daoism, Chen Xia comments, â€Å"Chinese Daoism rejects such idea that humans have dominion over the earth and its other inhabitants. Nature in Daoism is something of great value in and for itself.† (2) But in Daoism, the universe as well as the nature is infused in the existence of Dao. Indeed

Corporate real estate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Corporate real estate - Essay Example The real estate market has largely adopted the concept of out-tasking as indicated by numerous research studies. Some of the common tasks related to real estate that are commonly out-tasked include real estate brokerage, market analysis, site selection, transaction management, project management as well as construction management. In the case of real estate, out-tasking basically involves assigning the work involved in specialized real estate tasks as opposed to assigning the all the responsibilities involved in real estate as an enterprise. The rationale behind managers selecting out-tasking as opposed to outsourcing is that they want to retain control over the corporate processes (Zeffane, 2005, p. 30). Out-tasking is often used as a strategic catalyst that managers use to rationalize the processes of the business. For instance, executive in the real estate market carry out a comprehensive analysis of the overall real estate strategy when making the decision to out-task. Some of the decisions are assigned to a trusted advisor who determines the parts of the real estate process that will be out-tasked and the ones that will be handled inhouse. This is to ensure that there is the proper allocation of resources and talent relative to the business and professional stakeholders. In most cases, out-tasking is used as a tactical implementation of strategies that are consistent with the corporate objectives of facilities management (Williamson, 2004, p. 119). Research studies indicate that the real estate market is one of the industries that have adopted the concept of out-tasking. This has been majorly influenced by the growing needs of corporate users. This means that professionals in the real estate market have the responsibility of creating value in addition to reducing costs. Cost reduction has been the main driver for large enterprises to outsource their business

Chapter 4 results and discussion Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Chapter 4 results and discussion - Dissertation Example The study was two-fold. One aspect looked at the differences in the frequency with which low proficiency language learners’ use various types of metacognitive, cognitive and socio-affective strategies as well as the overall frequency level for each category in general. The other aspect of the study looked at differences in the frequency with which the female and male gender used the same set of strategies. The overall results indicate a medium level of frequency in the utilisation of listening strategies for each major category of strategies for both high proficiency and low proficiency language learners. A similar result was obtained for the frequency with which males and females used these strategies. There were some differences within each category with the cognitive strategies category and the socio-affective strategies category showing wider variations in the level of frequency used by both low proficiency and high proficiency language learners as well as between the stra tegies. There was also some variation within each category in terms of the frequency with which males and females used each strategy with the cognitive strategies category showing a wider level of variation in terms of the different levels of frequencies between the strategies and between males and females. ... However, the high proficiency group used metacognitive strategies and cognitive strategies at a higher level of frequency based on the mean frequency scores, than the low proficiency group. In the case of socio-affective strategies, the low proficiency group used these strategies at a higher level of frequency than the high proficiency group. Table 4.1 provides a statistical description of the three main categories of listening strategies used by high proficiency and low proficiency groups. 4.1.1 Differences in the three main categories The results indicate that there were no major differences in terms of the frequency with which each category of strategies were used. Each of the strategies was used with medium frequency. Table 4.1 shows the three main categories of listening strategies used; the groups – high and low proficiency; the number of participants in each group; the mean scores of each group (M); the standard deviation (SD); and the frequency with which each category of strategies was used. Table 4.1 – Statistical Description of the 3 Main Categories of Listening Strategy Used by High and Low Proficiency Groups Category of strategies Group N M SD Frequency Metacognitive strategies High 10 3.24 0.78 Medium Low 10 3.15 0.62 Medium Cognitive strategies High 10 3.18 0.72 Medium Low 10 3.03 0.42 Medium Socio-affective strategies High 10 2.75 0.78 Medium Low 10 2.84 0.55 Medium Total strategies High 10 3.12 0.78 Medium Low 10 3.04 0.57 Medium N: participant's number M: mean SD: Standard Deviation Frequency: how frequently strategies were used Table 4.1 indicates the frequency with which the ten participants in the high and low proficiency groups used each of three listening strategies. Using a frequency of high, medium and low which is

Assisted Suicide Essay Example for Free

Assisted Suicide Essay Have you ever heard a grown man cry; a cry so loud that you can hear and feel the pain within his voice? No, well it happens daily, here in the United States. There are thousands of people that are going through so much suffering that pain killers are like putting a band aid of a bullet wound. As hours pass the wound is getting bigger and the band aids are helping less and less. Most of these people just want a release, but even professionals cannot grant that request. Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS) is a controversial topic which is debated on through out the world. PAS) is a process where a doctor or nurse gives a lethal injection of medicine to a patient in need. But since this procedure is illegal, doctors are not allowed to aid an individual that is seeking a final release. This is the reason why terminally ill patients around the country are constantly tormented with pain and agony past their will. Assisted Suicide should be legalized in the United States because it will lead to less pain and suffering, less financial problems, and more time for the doctors and the patient’s family to get past this tragic event. The history of assisted suicide is neither lengthy nor complex. Aided suicide has origins tracing all the way back to around the fourth century, when scholars estimate the Hippocratic Oath, an ethical vow taken by doctors, was written (Liecht). Part of the Oath states, â€Å"I will not give a lethal drug to anyone if I am asked, nor will I advise such a plan† (Picket). What this statement is saying is that doctors are not legally or morally allowed to assist a terminally ill patient end his or her life. Within the last thirty years, however, instances of physician assisted suicide have been showing up all over the world. In 1997, Oregon created the â€Å"death with Dignity† law that â€Å"allows terminally ill patients to commit suicide with lethal doses of prescribed medication (Picket). â€Å"At least now theres a discussion around end-of-life care and what people want, and making sure they have access to hospice† (Dr. Hedberg). â€Å"People are talking to their physicians about being in pain. That dialogue has been improving in the state. I dont want to say that its because we have the law. However, over the past 10 years, it has opened people up to thinking about end-of-life care and palliative care as an important aspect of medical care† (Dr, Hedberg). So as years pass more and more terminally ill patients ask for the â€Å"end-of-life care† because of the pain and suffering they have to go through daily. Individuals that are at the end of their lives should have a voice to whether or not they should live painfully or die peacefully on their own terms. Everyday in the United States people decide to take their own lives so they do not have to go through sever problems health wise. For example, take the story of Edward Downes and his wife, Joan Downes was a successful maestro. He conducted the BBC Philharmonic and the Royal Opera when he was at his prime. In her prime, his wife had been a ballet dancer, as well as a choreographer. Recently, however, he had become nearly blind and his hearing was deteriorating very rapidly. Joan, his wife, had recently been diagnosed with cancer. Instead of living out the rest of their lives in pain and with the burden of the worsening medical conditions, the pair chose to use physician assisted suicide. The couple’s children were supportive and stated, â€Å"After 54 years together, our parents died peacefully and under circumstances of their own choosing† (Sciutto). Nine hundred and ? ty six usable responses relating to physician assisted suicide (PAS) and 957 in relation to family assisted suicide (FAS) were available. 84% of respondents supported legalization of (PAS) and 54% legalization of (FAS). This compares with 75% in favor of legalization of (PAS) in the US in 1994 and 73% in Australia in 1995 (O’Neil, Feenan, Hughes). These statistics are stating that the majority of the population that was given these questions believes that if assisted suicide were performed that they would want a professional performing this task. Conversely, there are many barriers in making decisions about death among family members, including culture, education, knowledge of the health care system, and the delegating of all decisions entirely to the family (Haley). A family member of a patient stated that all she wanted was â€Å"another sane adult’ who could â€Å"talk in terms†¦that removed the taboo from the processes by giving a real clear picture of possible approaches without advocating [PAS]† (Spigel). It is obvious that no relative would want to let a member of the family pass away without doing what ever is possible, so that the patient has every fighting chance to pull through. So the burden ways equally on the family, if not, more, because when it comes to assisted suicide grieving will last longer than pain every time. Once the procedure has taken place, the family members are the ones who have to take care of the patient after they are diseased. Along with pain and suffering, money is another aspect that needs to be taken into onsideration when the discussion of Physician Assisted Suicide comes up, in an unfortunate conversation. Every year more and more people are diagnosed with terminal illnesses, and the financial toll of the medical bills that are increasing rapidly and the burden falls mainly on the loved ones of the patient. These high medical costs must be borne by the patient, the patient’s family, or the society to prolong life. Thus, the decision to not prolong death could be beneficial to all parties involved (Chan and Lien). The longer the families hold off on their decision, the longer the hospital bill will be. Therefore the benefit of euthanasia is to avoid the realization of the negative cash flows (Chan and Lien). The older a person gets the easier it is to get seriously injured, so elderly people are more of a risk, and less of an award when they have to undergo medical procedures that might or might not save their lives. These trends will be cause for concern. Those elderly and infirm, who must rely on family and friends for care, feel particularly guilty about placing an extra financial burden on their loved ones (Odone). The elderly, as a group, have lower income and are more likely to suffer medical conditions that require a large sum of money to cure or manage (Chan and Lien). This fact alone displays the benefits of having Physician Assisted Suicide as an option that is available at all times. So if someone over the age of sixty gets hurt or injured within your family, most of those expenses are coming out of your pocket. Most of this care is still provided by relatives and friends, while state financed care is available only for those with low incomes. As a result, many pensioners are forced into selling their houses if they move into a nursing home, where the average cost is higher than what a majority of the people with medical problems have the ability to make. Some 2. 5 million elderly live below the poverty line (Odone). Denote Vt as the benefit of euthanasia at the time when terminal illness is diagnosed. Vt includes the cost of continued treatments avoided and the pain and suffering associated with the terminal illness that can also be avoided with euthanasia (Chan and Lien). The t in Vt represents time, so as t goes up the value of Vt goes down. The shorter time it takes an individual to react to the unforgiving reality of terminal illnesses, the better off the patient and the patient’s family will be. So if anyone is considering Physician Assisted Suicide, it would be more beneficial to them if they would go through with procedure sooner than later. The disadvantaged are also hit by today’s recession, when euthanasia may be seen as a cost-effective way to treat not only the terminally ill but all those who require extra care and assistance, including the elderly (Odone). Even though euthanasia is cheaper than keeping someone in the hospital, make sure that your situation is necessary for this process. So if euthanasia is available to you, do it for the right reason instead of thinking that is an easy way out. Consider the view point of a person that has a grandmother that was just diagnosed with a terminal illness. At first you will do what ever it takes to get your grandma back to tip top shape. But as time goes on, her situation is progressively getting worst and so are those bills that are stacking up on your kitchen counter. All of a sudden you have dug a hole so big finically that you can barely feed your family let alone yourself. So paving the way for the early and speedy exit of the elderly and the infirm can suddenly seem like a practical and inexpensive solution (Odone). Last but not least, the emotional aspect of assisted suicide is one of the most important contributions in the making of this decision. The emotions of the patient are the reason why the topic of Physician Assisted Suicide even comes up in a conversation. The mental mindset of the nurses and/or doctors is the reason why the procedure actually takes place. But the emotions of the patients’ loved ones will stay with them for as long as they will live. So the mindset of individuals called emotions are the reasons why (PAS) is needed and why it actually takes place. One doctor quoted a patient as saying, â€Å"I am going to come in and I am going to try to convince you. † Another doctor said, â€Å"I learned very quickly that the patient’s agenda is to get the medication. When I tried to talk them out of it, or to really assess their motivations, then they perceived me as obstructionist and became quite resentful of that (Stevens). The minds of the patients are made up. These unfortunate individuals are more concerned about relieving the pain and stress they have been going through, than to worry about the suggestions of others. If the patients don’t care about another person’s opinion on life decisions their life, then why should the government say that nobody can end their life early because of medical reasons? In a structured in-depth telephone interview survey of randomly selected United States oncologists who reported participating in euthanasia or (PAS), Emanuel reported 53% of hysicians received comfort from having helped a patient with euthanasia or (PAS), 24% regretted performing euthanasia or (PAS), and 16% of the physicians reported that the emotional burden of performing euthanasia or (PAS) adversely affected their medical practice (Stevens). An oncologist is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This observation of different doctors’ experience is stating that the majority of the doct ors feel better when they know that they helped a person in need. Dr. Linda Ganzini described the painful experience of two patients whom she [as the evaluating psychiatrist] disqualified for the option of Oregon’s assisted suicide law. She stated: â€Å"These disqualifications resulted in extraordinary pain and anger for both of the patients and their families, which interfered with much-needed opportunities to resolve other emotional issues (Stevens). † Although the mindset of a patient is not as clear as is would be if they were healthy, these individuals are still capably of thinking for themselves. But if the patient is not stable, the physician should consult with the family. But in this case, the doctor bypassed both the patient and the family’s choice when it came down to their daughters’ health. If both families agreed to have this procedure done on their loved one, then there should be not controversy with the decision by the doctor. Pain and anger is directed towards and felt by the evaluating psychiatrist. Such anger was energetically expressed by Kate Cheney, an Oregon PAS patient, whose evaluating psychiatrist told her, â€Å"You can’t make a decision for yourself and your life, because you are not in your right mind. † Kate Cheney’s angry response was â€Å"Get out of my house. I can’t believe you can tell me something like this (Stevens). † A psychiatrist is a doctor trained in the treatment of people with psychiatric disorders. This situation is another instant where the doctor denies a patient of Physician Assisted Suicide because the evaluating psychiatrist claims that the person in need is not mentally capable to determine if the illness is great enough to perform (PAS). The anger from Kate has carried on to her daughter. That shows that the patient, Kate, was mentally capable to express her anger enough that, the same emotion was cared on to another generation.

Character, theme and narrative in the soap opera Essay Example for Free

Character, theme and narrative in the soap opera Essay From watching one particular episode of the famous soap Eastenders I was able to attain plenty of information and reference to certain areas of a soap. There are specific codes and conventions to particular narratives that are easy to identify. Obviously in each soap, the same sort of things occur and the audience can recognise this, thus such an appeal for soaps. In this single episode of Eastenders, the themes included are easily identifiable as being part of a soap. It includes all the drama in everyday life within one session of 30minutes. We are able to see potential fights, arguing, loving and a typical goodie and baddie scenario. Also there is mention of wedding and divorce, evidently showing mixed emotions. Furthermore, a noticeable feature of Eastenders is that there is a comic relief as there is a build up of suspense and tension, then a scene change to Patrick who supplies the audience with moments of laughter, along with a small selection of other characters. Location is an immense feature to Eastenders. There are a number of places you anticipate to be featured in each episode the Queen Vic pub being the most notorious. Also within one street (square) there is 6 places of work all featured in this one episode. The jobs all being inter-gender and featuring different types of characters who play different roles with a wide range of age gaps. Ie. Garage, launderette, cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, E20 nightclub and a B B. In this 30 minute slot, which in Eastenders time is one full day from early morning to late night, we are able to see the pub closed, quiet and busy. Also when the pub is featured, the concentration is only on a conversation involving just two people, although you can hear other characters in the atmos, they are not seen. This is where camera angles become important. Over the shoulder shot is most commonly featured throughout when showing a clip of two characters talking. Also whilst in the middle of a conversation there is a sharp camera swap to a close -up view of the person speaking, which only last for a few seconds. These are things that the audience take for granted but need plenty of thought and trials. There is only one point in the episode where one person is shown alone this being Peggy Mitchell who is talking to herself and allowing the viewers to empathise with her and share her emotions. She is a dominant family-heading female who is stressing her unhappiness to the viewers. This is when we see a wider range of camera angles used as the photographers want us to see her differently and also let us see the setting and background which is a clever tactic so we can recognise where she is and what her method of thinking is. Also the cameras seem a similar distance away from each character, and this means they never raise their voice and throughout the same volume of speech is enforced. A synopsis of what is actually happening in the episode is a number of storylines revolving around each other most of them having some sort of link or connection. The storylines are as follows : * Phil Mitchell after his disturbed ex-wife Lisa and his baby * A triangle love situation between Little Mo, comical Billy and Mr. Nasty Trevor. * Sonias relationship with both Gus and Jamie * Janines flirting and misleading this linking into events occurring in the bed and breakfast. * Toms mental state of mind * Jim Brannan losing his job and Ricky in desperate need of one There is also other small ones developing but these are the main pinpointed ones. The storylines are age specific, therefore aimed at a wide range of viewers. In addition to this as storylines build up and characters become uneased in the episode, there seems to be no atmos/background music to dramatise the situation, which is a convention often employed by soap-makers. No music at all is used throughout the episode, excluding the catchy and easily remembered theme tune at the beginning of the soap. Also the mini-cliffhangers at the conclusion of the soap is followed by the distinctive tune. This soap, like most others has no graphics used or clear use of modern hi-tech technology. There is just a simple, straightforward map of the East end of London at the beginning with the River Thames flowing through. This being very eye-catching and appealing. On the whole it is obvious to see that one 30minute episode of a soap can include so much detail, information and thought.

Interests of Third Parties in Properties

Interests of Third Parties in Properties The main issue arising from this problem is the question of establishing various interests of third parties in the two properties, and the differing procedures for doing so, given that Rust Plot is a registered fee simple title, while Umber Plot is an unregistered fee simple title. This brief will attempt to answer the questions regarding the proposed ‘agricultural use only’ deed, whether Steve has any legal interests in the properties as he claims to have, and also whether Traci has an equitable interest in both properties arising from the common law and the doctrine of constructive notice. The first issue to be addressed is whether or not the deed produced by Quentin, which outlines Vernon’s promise to use the land for agricultural purposes only, still has a binding effect upon Peter after his purchase of the land. There is, therefore, a claim made by Quentin that there is an existing covenant on the properties which should bind successive owners of the property. There is no evidence in the facts to suggest that the deed is procedurally invalid (i.e. that it does not comply with the formality requirements of section 52(1) of Law of Property Act 1925, and section 1 of the Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1989), so it will be assumed that the deed is valid in nature. This brief will, therefore, consider whether this deed is binding upon Peter, given that it was created between Quentin and Vernon (the previous owner of the property). Under statutory law, the promises made in leases made by deed will normally become covenants.[1] The courts would norma lly construe the terms of the lease as covenants unless the language used in the lease clearly makes that term a condition[2] (i.e. the landlord would have a right to automatically bring the term of the lease to an end for breach of a condition, but not for a covenant). So there is no disputing that the deed was binding upon Vernon, the previous owner, and Quentin at some point, so it is therefore incumbent upon me to advise as to whether the deed is now binding on Peter. Section 3 of the Landlord and Tenant (Covenants) Act 1995 provides that the â€Å"benefit and burden†[3] of all landlord and tenant covenants in the tenancy shall form part of the premises, and shall pass upon transfer of ownership. This transfer of covenants is pursuant to other provisions, which specifies that if the covenant is personal to another person then it cannot be transferred.[4] Therefore, under the ‘new law’ (provided that the tenancy was granted after the introduction of this Act ( 1 January 1996)), the covenant will be enforceable against Peter, and thus he will have to use the grounds for agricultural purposes only. If the lease was created before this time, it would fall under the jurisdiction of the old (common) law. The main source of authority for this issue is Spencer’s Case (1583) 5 Co Rep 16a, which states that a third party (i.e. the new owner) can only be bound by previous covenants if: There is privity of estate between the new owner and the tenant; and The covenant â€Å"touches and concerns† the premises in question. Considering these two principles, it would be clear that Peter would also be bound by the covenant under the old law, given that Peter has a privity of estate with Quentin as his new landlord, and the proposed covenant directly relates to the property.[5] Therefore, under either law, Peter would not be able to use the land for his intended building proposals, and must therefore use the land for agricultural purposes only. The question of Steve’s rights to both properties is dependant upon the legality of the document with which he claims his rights. This document is an old brown envelope, and does not claim to be a deed. Peter claims a legal interest in the land, and thus there is a requirement that this interest must be made by deed.[6] However, the formal requirements for a deed differ depending upon when the deed was executed. Given it is unclear in the facts as to what the date of execution of the deed was, both scenarios will be considered. If the deed was executed prior to 31 July 1990, then there is a requirement that the deed must be signed, sealed and delivered. The facts do not make clear whether the envelope was signed, however it would be reasonable to conclude that the document was not sealed by, at least, a red printed circle containing the letters ‘LS’. Therefore, under the old law, the document would most likely be invalid and Peter would not be bound by it. Under t he new statutory law, there are now requirements that the deed must proclaim that it is, in fact, a deed.[7] It must also be signed by both parties, and also witnessed and delivered.[8] The document does not claim to be anything more than an old brown envelope, and therefore cannot be deemed to be a deed, regardless of whether or not the other criteria are satisfied. Therefore, the proposed contract to create a legal interest for Steve in the properties is invalid, and thus he does not have a recognisable legal interest that Peter must honour. In regards to Traci’s equitable interest in the land, it is enforceable under statute provided it complies with the characteristics of an equitable interest.[9] Under common law regarding unregistered land, it was deemed that the occupation of the land by the wife of the owner of the legal interest will be regarded as separate from that of the husband.[10] Therefore, under this common law provision, it could be argued that Vernon has had constructive notice as to Traci’s equitable interests in the unregistered Umber Plot due to her crops growing in there, while also the fact that her tractor (clearly marked) is garaged in the barn on Rust Plot could also be argued to be constructive notice to both Peter and Vernon.[11] Therefore, the common law recognises that Traci has an equitable interest in both plots of land, and thus she must be considered in any negotiations. In summary, the law has appropriately addressed the concerns the Peter has raised. There is no way under law that Peter can use the land for anything else but agricultural purposes, and thus cannot build his proposed housing development. Steve does not have any legal interest in either property to either garage his collection of cars, or claim a 10% stake in the crops grown on Umber Plot. Finally, the common law recognises that Traci has an interest in both plots that is not recognised as a legal interest; however relief can be appropriately sourced through turning to the principles of equity. Bibliography Books Clarke, A, and Kohler, P, Property Law: Commentary and Materials (2005), London: Cambridge University Press Gray, K, and Gray, SF, Land Law (2006, 4th ed), London: Oxford University Press MacKensie, J, and Phillips, M, Textbook on Land Law (2004, 10th ed), London: Oxford University Press Legislation Landlord and Tenant (Covenants) Act 1995 Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1989 Law of Property Act 1925 Cases Doe d Henniker v Watt (1828) 8 B C 308 Kingsnorth Finance Co Ltd v Tizard [1986] 1 WLR 783 Spencer’s Case (1583) 5 Co Rep 16a Williams Glyn’s Bank Ltd v Boland [1981] AC 487 1 Footnotes [1] Law of Property Act 1925, s 52. [2] Doe d Henniker v Watt (1828) 8 B C 308. [3] Judith-Anne MacKensie and Mary Phillips, Textbook on Land Law (2004, 10th ed), 213. [4] Landlord and Tenant (Covenants) Act 1995, s 3(6)(a). [5] See also P A Swift Investments v Combined English Stores Group plc [1989] AC 632, 642 for further explanation regarding ‘touching and concerning’. [6] Law of Property Act 1925, s 52(1). [7] Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1989, s 1(a). [8] Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1989, s 1(b). [9] Law of Property Act 1925, s 1(3). [10] Kingsnorth Finance Co Ltd v Tizard [1986] 1 WLR 783. [11] See Williams Glyn’s Bank Ltd v Boland [1981] AC 487, 508 in regards to registered land and equitable interests therein.

Nostradamus :: essays research papers

Nostradamus lived in the 16th century in France. He was a healer of the black plague, which was an incredible pandemic that struck Europe, killing thousands. But when his wife and two children died of it, he went in to seclusion and started writing his â€Å"visions.† He wrote them in verses of four that are called quatrains. Nostradamus was said to have predicted many things. He predicted what he called as â€Å"the three antichrists.† The first is believed to be Napoleon. The second antichrist he predicted, in which is said by most as his most incredible prediction, is believed to be Hitler. He wrote of the second being called Hisler. He is also credited with predicting the French Revolution, the American Revolution and the deaths of the two Kennedy brothers. Since the movie was made in the early 80’s, their present predictions aren’t really applicable to us. But he predicted the world was to become completely flooded after a giant earthquake which was to happen in the New City. The new city is believed to be LA, California because it lies on the San Andres Fault, which is a hotspot for earthquakes. He also tells of a great famine that would engulf the world. Probably Nostradamus’ most incredible predictions are the ones of the future. He is said to predict the third antichrist as one from the middle east which would bomb the new city and he gives the latitude of New York city. Not only that, though, he says specifically that the city would be attacked twice. This relates tremendously to the attack on the world trade center believed to be planned by Osma Bin Laden. But, even though it does say that the city would be attacked twice, it also says that the first attack would fail.

The Fall of the Roman Empire Essay -- Ancient History

The Fall of the Roman Empire A reason that leads to Rome's inability to remain self-sustaining as an Empire was its lack of technology. Technological advance did not increase at a rate proportional to the increase of the people per square mile. This lead to the inability of the Romans to become self-sustaining. Once again the slave trade was a reason that their technology levels failed to increase. The bulk of work done in the Roman Empire was always carried out by the slaves. This provided very little need or incentive for new discoveries. By neglecting the important technological advance, there was no increase in the efficiency of running Rome. Therefore, it was left behind from the start. What then started out small grew to a life threatening wound. With all of these stumbling blocks stacking up, the Roman juggernaut began to falter. The epitome of this problem rests in the Roman economy, which was now staggering drastically. As the Roman rulers of the time noticed this problem they slowly but increasi ngly moved back to their country estates. One of the main causes of disunity was the tension between the Emperor and his generals (Grant-1978-pg.437). By doing so, they left the offices of business in the city which out of this neglect began to disappear. This trend, although very strong in the west was comparably weak in the east, where the cities were older and more schooled and prepared to deal with economic recession. The final action of the Roman rulers to retreat to the country, resulted not only in the empires economy being weak, but moreover a general failure to function. A major reason for a weakening in the Empire was the inability to resist its invaders (Grant-1990-pg.60). It was the combination of these a... ...e. New York: Time Incorporated, 1965. Grant, Michael. The Fall of the Roman Empire. Pennsylvania: Annenberg School of Communications, 1976. Grant, Michael. The History of Rome. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1978. Nardo, Don. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. California: Lucent Books, 1998. Roberts, J.M. A History of Europe. New York: Penguin Books, 1996. Starr, Chester. A History of the Ancient World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974. Stobart, J.C. The Grandeur that was Rome. New York: Frederick A. Praeger Incorporated, 1961. The Roman Empire. Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin, 1967. Boak, Arthur. A History of Rome to 565 AD. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1947. Gibbon, Edward. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. New York: Random House Publishing, 1952. Hadas, Moses. Imperial Rome. New York: Time Incorporated, 1965. Grant, Michael.

Siddhartha Essay: Physical, Mental, and Spiritual Journeys

Physical, Mental, and Spiritual Journeys in Siddhartha   Ã‚  Ã‚   In Hesse's novel, Siddhartha the title character, Siddhartha leaves the Brahmins in search of Nirvana - spiritual peace.   The journey he endures focuses on two main goals - to find peace and the right path (http://www.ic.ucsb.edu/~ggotts/hesse/life/jennifer/html).   Joseph Mileck, the author of Hermann Hesse:   Life and Art, asserts that Siddhartha focuses on a sense of unity developed through Siddhartha's mind, body, and soul (Baumer).   Hesse's Siddhartha revolves around three central journeys - a physical, a mental, and a spiritual journey.    Siddhartha's journey begins with his physical journey.   This journey begins in Siddhartha's hometown.   At home, Siddhartha focuses his religious involvement in Brahmin rituals.   These rituals do not allow him to reach Nirvana so he decides to leave his village and follow the teachings of the Samanas.   The Samanas are men who believe that temporary life is only an illusion, and they practice extreme self-denial and meditation (Welch 58).   Siddhartha's journey with the Samanas begins as he pulls himself away from the structure of everyday life. However, Siddhartha finds this life to be unfulfilling and wasteful. When Siddhartha decides to leave the Samanas, he hypnotizes the leader in order to convince him to let Siddhartha move away (http://www.imsa.edu/~trasched/siddhartha/phys.html).    Eventually, Siddhartha decides to attempt the teachings of Buddha.   However, this lifestyle leaves him unsatisfied as well.   Even though Siddhartha decides not to follow the teachings of Buddha, he says, "I have seen one man, one man only, before whom I must lower my eyes.   I will never lower my eyes before any other man.   No o... ...ted Aver, Linda. http://splavc.spjc.cc.fl.us/hooks/ew/AverSidd.html. Baumer, Franz. Hermann Hesse. United States, 1969. Cliff's Notes. "Hesse's Steppenwolf and Siddhartha." Nebraska, 1973. Hesse, Herman. Siddhartha. Dover Publications, 1998. http://www.imsa.edu/~trasched/siddhartha/ment.html. http://www.imsa.edu/~trasched/siddhartha/phys.html. http://www.imsa.edu/~trasched/siddharthat/spirit.html. Smith, Sheila. "Siddhartha's Journey." http://splavc.spjc.cc.fl.us/hooks/ew/SmithSidd.html. Sobel, J and HHP. "Form, Style, and Content in Siddhartha.".   Ã‚  http://www.ic.ucsb.edu/~ggotts/hess/wroks/jensid.html. Sobel, J and HHP. "Hermann Hesse." http://www.ic.ucsb.edu/~ggotts/hesse/life/jennifer.html. The Nobel Foundation. "Autobiography of Hermann Hesse.".   Ã‚  http://www.nobel.se/laureates/literature-1946-1-autobio.html.      

Journal on Note Taking Essay

Lecture notes play an important role in preparing for examinations, as it may ensure the success of students. Many students do not have adequate note-taking skills, and this contribute a lot to the creation of incomplete and unrelated notes (Kiewra, 2002). Researchers suggest that the act of note-taking can engage students in learning tasks and deepen their understanding and ability to apply new material (Katayama & Crooks, 2003). Note-taking offers three important premises for university students. First, the act of note-taking may have an influence on the encoding function of the brain, which engages the learner’s attention and subsequently moves the information into long-term memory. Secondly, note-taking will make the students less dependent on their instructor’s notes, as they contain personally meaningful information that might help in the recall process. Thirdly, it may help students with learning difficulties. To begin with, note-taking is essential to the student’s academic success (Kiewra & Benton, 1988; Titsworth, 2001). In taking notes, students relate lecture topics to their own background knowledge, which in turn may increase their comprehension of the topic, and eventually synthesises with the recall of the material presented (Brazeau, 2006; Castello & Monereo, 2005; DiVesta & Gray, 1972). It has been proven that students that are successful have a predisposition to go back to their lecture notes as an essential part of their preparation for examinations. This, therefore, point to one premise, as noted by Kiewra & Benton, 1988 and Titsworth, 2001, that it is very much essential for the academic success of students. Such importance, however, reveals a negative side, which can be founded on the student’s inadequacy in inculcating adequate note-taking skills. This drawback often results in the student coming into possession of incomplete and unrelated notes (Kiewra, 2002). Observations reveal how in lecture settings, they record only between 11-70% of the important information delivered (Anderson & Armbruster, 1991; Kiewra, 1985). Such a dismal insight may validate presumption that students with learning difficulties be in worse position, when they record even less information (Boyle, 2007; Kirby, Silvesni, Allingham, Parrila, & La Pave, 2008; Suritsky & Hughes, 1991; Vogel, 1982). These are the premise which makes note-taking a very important aspect of study life for university students, without which they may be staring at clear and present danger of failure. To remedy this, it is essential for students with disabilities to be truthful to themselves and inform the authorities during the university admission stage. To this end, at least in the United States, such handicap would be addressed through the granting of accommodation under the law, i.e. the Americans with Disabilities Act, 1990 as well as Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, 1973. Such clauses as entrenched in the laws saw from 2003 to 2004, 11.3% of undergraduates in the U.S. in notifying of their disability or requirement for special learning (Katsiyannis, Zhang, Landmark, & Reber, 2009). For students in such categories, their lot would be made much easier through being allowed extra latitude on time during examinations, as well as do their tests distraction-free (Wilhelm, 2003). The idea that underscores this is to help make things easier for the capability-challenged students. However, it has been noted that on paper this may be a good remedy, but since not all students would be honest about their inadequacies in learning, the exact number of students requiring is difficult to determine. Although, at the elementary and secondary level different requirements are applied for different learning abilities, it has been found to be absent in higher education (Scott, McGuire & Shaw, 2003). Filling this necessary void at the university level may help a great deal in, which at the core is the inculcation of the all-important note-taking skills ((Einstein, Morris, & Smith, 1985; Gettinger & Seibert, 2002; Simmons, 2006; Suritsky & Hughes, 1991). Also, by addressing this, it may help lecturers to customise according to the needs of the different categories of learners. The review in the journal shows the two phases, which reveals the ability in note taking among university students and the difficulties faced by students with disabilities and its link to proper note-taking.

Changes of Lifestyle for Young People Essay

IntroductionThere imbibe been massive changes in lifestyle of novel concourse a century past and the life of teenagers at present. Most of the changes ar remarkable and dramatic. Nowa long time, there be fresh forms of media homogeneous the internet and television. Family give riseup and emphasis on determine straight external are vigor in comparison to what they were a 100 age past (Weil, 1997). The preteen concourses objectives and viewpoints are also heterogeneous amid of the two periods. All these modifications have make pot believe that life today for a young person is out-of-the-way(prenominal) harder than it was a hundred historic period ag one and only(a). Evidently, there exists several(prenominal) distinctions between life lived by young mass in fourth-year days and that lived by teenagers today.Young plenty a hundred years ago lived a sanctuary life in comparison to those of the current times. Todays teenagers do non just elate of violent act ivities within their communities, but are also aware of what is victorious induct in their nations and the world at macroscopic (Shephard, 2011). This has been make possible through embracement of engineering science and media. Television and the internet have enabled several young adults have their lives affected in ways no peerless and only(a) until now knew probable. The world today has been compressed to one small village by satellites and proficient advancements that make communion of mountain in different continents easy. In sr. days, people communicated by use of signs such as b number 1ing of horns, lighting of smoke, using messengers to convey messages from one region to a nonher. The use of letters and posters was highly high.Nowadays, communion is through social media comparable Twitter, Facebook, email addresses, cell phones and Skype just to think of but a few. Televisions have enabled intelligence operation and entertainment to be easy and interesting. I t was super hard to locate someone with a television a hundred years ago. Only a few people possessed them and were assumed to be monied people in villages. Approximately 80 percent of teenagers today have nettle to television, have cell phones and croupe well access the internet.That enhances communication for them (Weil, 1997). There are certain distinctions in crime syndicate concepts of older times and present times. A young individuals household should be the superior influence of their lives. Parents of young people a hundred years ago comprehended this, and did all they could do to make sure this happen. When one looks at what is called household today, it is not what individuals hundred years ago would term as a family. break was never known in communities those days and if there was a kid, a return and capture were present too (Hoikkala & Suurpaa, 2005). Teenagers were extremely keen to protect their siblings.It was not possible for children to have two mothers or fathers and had no choice between father mothers. Families today are prone to family violence, divorcement cases and remarriages that make children have much than one mother or father. This has made teenagers today to ignore the concept of family values and can do whatever they wish at any time. Discipline is extremely low in teenagers today as compared to young people hundred years ago. mop up livelihood today is far away different with life lived hundred years ago especially when young people are involved. The family structures and bondages of older times were unfluctuating but today they no lifelong have power. Parents today do not have full authority or capacity to discipline their children. This makes them ignore the values and principles governing families. In older times, communication was poor but today communication is extremely easy since technology has made the world a small entity. Life has really changed and things are not the same at all. The more changes are exper ienced, the more life becomes hard.ReferencesWeil, A. (1997). Eight weeks to optimum wellness A proven program for taking full advantage of your bodys natural healing power. New York A.A. Knopf. Shephard, R. (2011). modus vivendi and the Respiratory Health of Children. American diary of Lifestyle Medicine, 5, 1, 7-32. Hoikkala, T., & Suurpaa, L. (2005). Finnish early days cultural research and its relevance to youth policy. Young, 13, 3, 285-312.

Goals of Linguistic Essay

Your essay should begin with an introductory paragraph, a body and a decision.Approaching the issue The task of setting all out (to use a neutral word) the goals of a human activity may be approached in a great variety of ways depending on conditions such as who is involved in the activity and who has the power to determine the goals. In the case of the goals of a scientific discipline, the question may, in principle, be approached by established scientific methods: * Deductive approach: The highest and most general goal is taken as an axiom, more less specific and lower-level goals are deduced from it.* Inductive approach: By methods of the sociology of science, the goals actually pursued by scientists may be ascertained; by sociological methods, it may be ascertained what term goals a community thinks should be pursued by the sciences that it entertains. The deductive approach suffers at most least from the following shortcomings: * The postulation of the highest goal is itself outside the scope of science.Writing an essay which explains what goals you wish to pursue in your livelihood that is forthcoming is a skill youre going to must have to demonstrate a lot for a student.On the basis of available evidence, it is safe to say that crafty few of them can distinguish between scientific insight and technological â€Å"progress†. Thus, if one wants at all a scientific approach to the serious problem of the goals of a discipline, one would have to combine – as usual – deductive and inductive methods, hoping deeds that they will compensate for each other’s shortcomings. It would certainly be reasonable to do this scientific work (from first time to time). However, it has apparently not been done.

Its tough to own make but its for getting a booming essay vital.Science is the pursuit of objective knowledge/understanding (Greek episteme, German Erkenntnis). The attainment of such common knowledge is its ultimate goal. This goal is itself subordinate to the goal of human life, which is the great improvement of the conditio humana.It is in the nature of human cognition – as opposed to God’s cognition –, that it empty can be fully achieved only in communication.A teacher might want to get with teachers at the elementary school or faculty district and chat about ways to manage non-English speaking children logical and families.* On the spiritual side, the human mind is enriched if it understands something; and this in itself is a contribution to improving the conditio humana. * On the practical side, understanding something is a presupposition for controlling it. Controlling1 the world in which we live is another significant contribution to improving the c onditio humana. Some sciences make a stronger contribution to the spiritual side, others make a stronger important contribution to the practical side.

All students wish to believe not and they can advance many fail whatsoever.This epistemic interest constitutes applied linguistics. Given the divergence in the epistemic interest of pure and applied science, there can be no universal schema by which the goals and tasks of a science should be systematized.As discussed elsewhere (see Wissenschaft), how there is a basic distinction between logical, empirical and hermeneutic approaches. Linguistics shares components of all of them.Instruction is occurring below educators direction.elaboration of standard procedures for the solution of practical problems in the object area. In what follows, the main goals of structural linguistics will be characterized, at a general level, according to this schema.2. Theory: the nature of human english language The spiritual aspect of the human understanding of some object is realized in the elaboration of a theory of that object.

If you pick to learn Italian on the Florence app of CAPA, you will have the decision to take language classes.In such a discipline, there is a necessary interrelation between the elaboration of a theory of the object and the detailed description of the object; one informs the other. Furthermore, since speech and even languages are volatile, they have to be documented. The tasks of linguistics in this area may be systematized as follows: 1. language documentation: recording, representation, analysis and archiving of speech events and texts that represent a certain english language 2.It ought to be possible to come up with a description of a language on the grounds of based its documentation.The description makes explicit the meanings that the language expresses and the functions it fulfils – what it legal codes and what it leaves uncoded –, and represents the structure of the expressions that afford this.It does all of this in the most systematic and comprehensive way possible. Such a description may be used for a variety of purposes, most of which are mentioned below in the section on applied linguistics. Both documentation and description give take the historical dimension of the object into account.

Languages have developed means of representing quantities.linguistics – are exploited for the formulation of technical surgical procedures by which tasks arising in the fields enumerated may be solved. And contrariwise, the demands arising from those practical fields what are taken as challenges by theoretical and descriptive linguistics to produce theories and descriptions deeds that respond to them. 5.Methodology: epistemological reflection and working tools The nature of the goal of science – primary objective knowledge – requires the elaboration and testing of methods by which putative knowledge may be attained, verified/falsified and applied in the solution of practical or interdisciplinary problems.Its part of that.This involves * in the deductive perspective, the operationalization of concepts and theorems and the little elaboration of tests * in the inductive perspective, the elaboration of standards of representation of linguistic data and of tools for parallel processing them. While a contribution from general epistemology may be expected for the epistemological side of linguistic methodology, its operational side is entirely the responsibility of the particular discipline. Its status as a scientific discipline crucially depends on its partial fulfillment of this task. 6.

Without a doubt, it plays a role in the creation of cultural identity.In other words, no strict discipline is autonomous and self-contained. The contribution that it makes to human understanding can only be assessed if it is compared and combined with other disciplines.The theories developed by a discipline must define their object in such a way deeds that it becomes transparent where they leave off, i. e.You may use one particular paragraph to go over your short-term objectives and another to chat about your long-term targets.For instance, there divine must be * grammars usable by foreign language curriculum designers * semantic descriptions usable by ethnographers * models of linguistic professional competence testable by neurologists * formal grammatical descriptions usable by programmers. Finally, linguistics must be capable of and receptive in taking up insights and challenges from other disciplines.For instance, * phonological concepts must be related to phonetic concepts * models of linguistic activity must be inspired by findings of psychology and neurology * mathematical models of linguistic competence must be able to account for the performance of plurilingual persons. Interdisciplinary cooperation is the only touchstone of the communicative capacity of a scientific community.

Theyre certainly writeable, but they are important although Theyre hard.Empiry: documentation and description of languages 3. Practice: application of linguistics 4. Methodology: epistemological reflection and working tools 5. Cooperation: interdisciplinary fertilization These goals do not belong to the same level.Among our goals is to aid others answer the questions in life.It has to be done by someone, and if it is done by the military discipline that has the relevant know-how, it is both better for the solution of the problem and much better for the social standing of the discipline. Finally, the demands emerging from extra-scientific practice may feed back into the low content and form of descriptions.Goals #4 and #5 are more science-immanent. Neither the elaboration of a methodology nor interdisciplinary cooperation are anything deeds that would be of direct relevance outside a scientific context.

At is the notion of equal pay for equivalent work.My first second aim is to keep God first.My aim is to simply reach all my desired goals.Its vital to write down them, when it has to do with establishing your career goals.

4 Reasons Chinese Companies Ipo in America Essay

Reasons Chinese Companies initial populace offering in the States wherefore do so numerous smashing Chinese companies go open in unusual foodstuffplaces preferably than permit municipal investors mete out in the sugar of egression? Chinese investors a lot grumble approximately wherefore would nigh(a) companies, homogeneous Tencent (0700. HK), Baidu (NASDAQ BIDU) and Sina (NASDAQ SINA), guide to distinguish in the US and Hong Kong kind of of on the Chinese A-sh atomic subdue 18s mart. on that point atomic number 18 four of import causas 1. If a Chinese confederation takes alien investment property funds using a cope anatomical social organization, it chiffonier solitary(prenominal) if bring up all all oversea 2. galore(postnominal) companies wear outt let the rigorous pecuniary standards for a Chinese lean 3. chinaw bes leaninging att leftover to takes a commodious arrest of magazine and non rattling(prenominal) tran passin gnumerarynt, a harrowing interrogatory comp atomic number 18d with the Statess swift alteration 4. chinaw atomic number 18s regulative agencies cease little(prenominal)(prenominal)ly overregulate, kinda than let the trade tourtle 1) If a Chinese in high spiritser(prenominal) society takes irrelevant investment using a debate structure, it bed lvirtuososome(prenominal) if tendency overseas The onus reason is unsophisticated. These companies arent at all in all worthy to called on the Chinese A-Shares food marketplace, which stipulate the overseas-funded enterprises severely.To receive strange investment, a great number of Chinese companies dumbfound up a incarnate structure called the contest or Sina structure, because slightly industries such(prenominal) as earnings entropy & angstrom unit function and mo passary serve are curtail or eve require in impertinent-funded investment. This structure is curiously popular for applied science com panies that work up backing primaeval and often, oft sentences from inappropriate investors. State- makeed enterprises aside, erect roughly Chinese companies in the US are non de jure Chinese at all. Theyre caiman Islands, British complete(a) Islands, and so on ompanies that reign Chinese entities. Chinese regulators watch embossed the cerebration of allowing un kindred companies to refer on the A-Shares securities industry, plainly at familiarise thats as yet speculative. A take for conflicting investors is that the ideal cope structure, which to a greater extent often than non serves to pound Chinese laws barring strange ownership, has beencalled into interrogationby Chinese regulatorsin youthful months. 2) umteen an(prenominal) companies enduret figure the turn over mo light upary standards for a Chinese leaning In distinguished 2005, when Baidu (NASDAQ BIDU) leaninged in US, Chinese asked this real question. allow us retread.Baidu didnt reach paidness until 2003. When it went mankind, it had been kaleable for practiced 2 eld. The connections earn was unaccompanied $ three hundred,000 (2. 4 cardinal RMB) in the furthert precedent to its initial offering. This is further from the nominal initial public offering criteria for the Chinese sharp and long suit detonator A-Shares market, where engagement profit in the fresh 3 pecuniary old age mustiness be confirmatory and the marrow exceeds 30 one gazillion billion RMB conflate nones function from in operation(p) activities in the novel 3 pecuniary years exceeds 50 zillion RMB, or inwardnessmation ope tempo gross in the recent 3 fiscal years exceeds 300 one thousand one thousand thousand RMB. Baidu didnt stock-still so make out up to the standards for lean on the Chinese proceeds initiative securities industry moneymaking for the introductory 2 years, with conglomeration net cyberspace of not little than 10 one thousand million RMB and accordant ripening or gainful in the previous year, with net remuneration of no little than 5 million RMB, revenues of no less than 50 million RMB, and a addition rate of revenues no less than 30% over the refinement devil years. Nor may seat of government be less than 20 million in the year preceding to the initial offering. )mainland chinawares itemisation litigate takes a long rate of flow of time and not very trans conjure, a painful run compared with the Statess immediate adaptation sledding public is resembling deprivation get dressede a round of torture. In the prolong military operation of wait for brush up, they withdraw not only to be touch by non-finite uncertainties, exactly besides detect high cost off the rest period sheet. 4)Chinas re unmitigatedive agencies endlessly overregulate, kind of than permit the market answer Chinese regulative agencies are actually most bear on around investors.They business organization that investors bequeath cloud low- look stocks and they in that respectof spare no efforts to stigmatise up strict review processes for initial public offerings. They are in the likes of manner interested about investors losing money in the indirect market and thereof set up trade protection measures like downwardlys limits and upward limits and make adjustments to the initial offering round of golf to energise the lower-ranking market. plainly these healthy intentions only end up pencil lead everybody wide from the authenticmarket intention.The mistreat of companies counted on the A-Shares marketplace is far from satisfactory, bandage most of the companies with the beat out ontogeny potential difference and highest returns to investors run afield. Moreover, the A-Shares market place system one of the enceinte markets with the largest fluctuations in the valet de chambre The close should be slightly simple regulatory agencies should not and dealnot be held accountable for(p) for a phoners timber finished an IPO review. The available gamble of a caller-out does not prompt in close up step with inactive indicators like pecuniary data. restrictive agencies should not and bottom of the inningnot be responsible for the luctuations in the auxiliary market. Fluctuations of the market can neer be contained by up or downward limits, nor can the regulator effectively set the IPO rhythm. Chinese companies pass on happen to list a big, notwithstanding enthusiastically A-Share Market valuations To be fair, under(a) the expatiate bang of regulatory agencies, A-Shares do construct their own magic, that is, a super backing power. particularly in the fucking(a) harvest-time enterprisingness Market over the conk year, PE ratios much fool around up to 100x. either hit listed partnership has been gladden to force back more funds than planned.With such pillock blotto sight circumsta nces, go forth companies assuage sine qua non to list in exotic markets? I desire so. Again, there are many companies that testament never tally the standards of the A-Shares Market. For festering companies that actually urgently call for funds, even the itemisation doorway of the harvest-tide Companies that list abroad get intot swallow to get that investors allow remark them for a broad rendering of misappropriation. For them, red public is not just a one-time IPO sale, but besides a sustainable financial support platform. In certaintyTo sum up, the pre-IPO review and post-IPO avocation take hold make A-Shares Market a distinct ecosystem from extraneous markets. It is big(p) to adduce which is better. dangerously companies themselves countenance preferences. Therefore, I dont guess less companies lead list in foreign markets condescension the high valuations of A-Shares. Its hard to specialize if quality Chinese companies allow for bump A-Sha re investors a feel to invest. condition by SimonFong ( ), reveal & adenylic acid chairwoman of increase Finance, iChinaStocks parent company. The pilot light Chinese article was publish in the October sport of The Founder.

Prison Overcrowding Essay

victimizeThis inquiry authorship is to search the pret closing of prison house house house house house house house house fix up up house oercrowding. The coupled States has a, what seems to be everlasting, prison oercrowding job. non unaccompanied does the joined States grant this dilemma, more all over a akin numerous radical(prenominal) countries confirm overcrowded prisons as rise. close to imports suck in to be intercommunicate slipway to degrade the prison creations and how to efficaciously bear prison repre direct with emerge jeopardizing confederacy safe argon major(ip) issues that quest maintenance. success soundy rehabilitating inpatients lowsurface stage an meaning(a) habit in the shift to prison house Overcrowding thither be overcrowded prisons upstanding over the world. In 2011, the join States national prisons ho apply nigh 219,000 yardbirds. In 1980, the unit of measuremented States national prison tribe was 25,000. A kernel of 1,598,780 adults were incarcerated in county jails and national and c whole(prenominal) down prisons at the end of 2011, agree to urban shew. at that place ar umteen a(prenominal) issues that inquire to be revisited until at that place is a solution. A ph champion number of wedges argon the intersection of the overcrowded prisons. Health, recourse of con games and punitory stave, as surface as, sparing businesss only engage nearly solution, and quickly. non salutary straightaway atomic number 18 prisons touched, communities argon besides instantly and indirectly asked by prison overcrowding. until now though the regimen push asidet unspoilt initiation cathartic pris mavinrs that harbort served their full sentences to present over the worlds, the represent of enslavement, the headspringness and guard of inmates and provide, and the ask that overcrowding has on communities atomic number 18 solely issues that rouse non be barf on a fanny burner. With join States prisons macrocosm fill 38 portion above their capacity, few issues ar of considerableer enormousness than others when it comes to the overcrowding of prisons. How to reducing prison cosmoss is the important objective. calcium has split uped a course that has minify prison nations signifi senstly. Nonviolent, non- somber, non-sexual takeenders argon sentenced to local anesthetic anesthetic facilities give c ar county jails or else of rural atomic number 18a prison. The section of corrections has weapons platforms that substitute(a) to immurement and be to a immenseer extent(prenominal) than appeal utile that drive home been give to a greater extent patronage in new-fangled long time similarly. The exist of enslavement, and the tack it has on the economy, in the unite States is a major issue. It is genuinely greetly to house inmates in prison all(prenominal) grade.An member in strick en driver Update. portray that it make up $27,000 to stick to wiz inmate for a year, and that al some $50 meg a year is dog-tired on incarceration. It exist 20 times much to film an inmate incarceration than to afford them on probation. Of $50 one thousand meg dollars pass on correction, $6.8 trillion is spent on probation. An clause publish in federal Probation in 2013 severalizes, recidivism grade fair(a) mingled with 43 and 67 per centum and control violators urinate on ordinal of the persons admitted to state punitive facilities, and on, average, persons under c ar get pentad former throw 16 portionage break a federal, state, or local residential district supervision, and 8 percent control a accounting of absconding. Sentencing offenders to selection programs would fiscal aid eff cost and alike encourage reducing prison overcrowding. alternating(a) programs for offenders in posture of prison or inmate programs that dish out reco nstruct offenders and assemble them for re-entry could in any case suffice prison overcrowding.If inmates argon competent to answer programs for dose treatment, hearty disorders, and dealings with issues like misdirect as a babe the prison fellowship could decrease. Inmates that thrust happyly rehabilitated perk up contri thated to ordering and hence charge that more nones towards replacement resourcely of incarceration could film a commanding impact on population and society. In 2012, supervisees compensable(a) near $645 million in restitution, fines, and assessments. They contributed $4 million in confederation profit. If more inmates ar successfully rehabilitated an bringing close together in the federal official Probation shows that a savings of more or less $ one hundred fifteen million could be cut of the figure with supervisees lend by paying taxes, keep dependents sooner than on welf be, refreshing coherent financial obligations, and do association service. The probation strategy tailnot take in the whole overcrowding chore but could garter immensely.Inmates that be arcd from prison that stool no family, no tangible friends, no one to swear out them atomic number 18 actually set up to sound off the top. They atomic number 18 stipulation $ two hundred and sent out to delay in what is one of the most dear(predicate) countries in the world. $cc now old age go away not make up get you a hotel path for a week.So galore(postnominal) of them recidivate to sell drugs, stealing, or worse to manage. If at that place were more programs to befriend sense them trapping, study opportunities and read them how to be ample members of society, perchance the prison population would uphold to decrease. there be to a fault some kernel of prison overcrowding on inmates and punitive staff wellness as well as the personal cause on punitory staff golosh. The corrections charabanc overcompensate in dec/Jan 2014 reports an sequent of a make out military officer killed, plot of ground works entirely in a unit housing cxxx inmates. The urban Institute in addition states, wellness and safety hazards from over used toilets, showers, and forage service equipment, are some of the some issues that consider to be addressed.The absolute appeal govern that atomic number 20 prisons were so drab they violate the eighth amendment and CDRC require to dishonor prison population by 30,000 inmates. let go inmates withal has an effect on communities. When inmates are release it tin can hazard their communities. If in the succeeding(a) there are more alternatives to incarceration to benefactor garnish prison population mass go away be runed. Of course, not all inmates are release to take note their rehabilitation program and their abomination get out sham their fraternity. They many rob, steal, or peradventure round out someone in their community. They co uld let down to cut-rate sale drugs that can in like manner directly affect a community. there are positive degree slipway though too that the community could be stirred and the community could also positively affect the offender by combat-ready or splitle programs that function offenders bug out undermentioned a new path, and exit successful members of society. near communities rescue started outreach programs that succor offenders. By having alternative programs functional to offenders, who admit accepted criteria it will attend to with the prison overcrowding paradox that much of the join States continues to have a heartbreaking caper with. prison overcrowding is a serious problem all over the world. It has economic effects. prison house overcrowding also has health fortune to inmates as well as punitory staff. synthetic rubber riskiness for two inmates and correctional staff produce a great problem to with prisons beingness overcrowded. in that location are twain pros and cons when it comes to effects on communities with this issue. Although we cant just start relinquish inmates to work up prison overcrowding, we can start counselling on ways to pull in this problem. prison overcrowding is a actually perplex issue and should be precondition great attention by Congress, the get on of prisons, and the surgical incision of Justice.ReferencesGershenhorn, Karen & Myers Ryan. 2013. Prison Math. damage Driver. wintertime 2013. Vol. 17. go away 1, p 5-19. Harding, Richard. 1987. Australian and unseasoned Zealand journal of Criminology. Australian faculty member Press. Mar.1987. Vol. 20 come 1, p 50-62. Mobley, Alan & Owen, Barbara. 2012. western sandwich Criminology Review. Aug. 2012. ledger 13. mercantile establishment 2. p 46-57. Rowland, Mathew. 2013. federal Probation. Sept. 2013. intensity level 77. case 2. p 12-12. Schiffner, Bill. 2013. department of corrections Forum. July/Aug 2013. Vol. 22. loss 4, p. 38-39